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Description
Dying While BlackOver 90,000 Blacks die each year that would not die if Blacks had the same death rate as whites. Blacks still suffer from the generational effect of a slave health deficit. Blacks lag behind on nearly every health indicator, including life expectancy, death rates, infant mortality, low birth weight rates and disease rates. Blacks are sicker than Whites. Blacks have shorter lives Blacks are quite literally dying from being black This black health
Over 90,000 Blacks die each year that would not die if Blacks had the same death rate as whites. Blacks still suffer from the generational effect of a slave health deficit. Blacks lag behind on nearly every health indicator, including life expectancy, death rates, infant mortality, low birth weight rates and disease rates. Blacks are sicker than Whites. Blacks have shorter lives - Blacks are quite literally dying from being black This black health deficit is directly traceable to the slave health deficit. The slave health deficit that was established during slavery was not relieved during the reconstruction period (1865-1870), Jim Crow Era (1870-1965), the Affirmative Action Era (1965-1980) or the Racial entrenchment era (1980 to present). Also, established at the time was a health care deficit that continues to exist. Repairing the health of Blacks will require a multi-facet long term legal and financial commitment. Dying While Black produces the smoking gun connection between white privilege, racism, slavery and Black health outcomes. DWB combines careful documentation of the past and a plethora of data with deft, compelling storytelling. The result is a nuanced, forward looking narrative that not only provides evidence of what's wrong and why, but offers a concrete proposal for what can be done to make a difference. Chapter 1, Introduction, provides and overview to the problem to be addressed in this book. Chapter 2, From Slave Health Deficit to Black Health Inequities, traces the health status deficit of Blacks from slavery through Jim Crow to the twenty-first century. Chapter 3, Racist Health Care, addresses the racial inequity in the health care system This inequitiesexist in access to health care and the quality of treatment received. Racial inequity is manifested in racial barriers to hospitals, to nursing homes, and to physicians and other providers. Finally, shortage of Black health professionals affects both access to health care and input into the health care system Chapter 4, Targeting the Black Community addresses the targeting the Black community by the tobacco industry and the inadequacy of the national tobacco settlement. Chapter 5, Impact of Managed Care on Blacks addresses the rationing goal of managed health care organization and its impact on Blacks. Managed care organizations (MCOs) complicate the problem of racially disparate health care because they increase the incentives for providers and facilities to engage in discrimination. Chapter 6, Slavery, Segregation and Racism: Trusting the Health Care System: It Ain't Always Easy to Trust the Health Care System, discusses the significant distrust towards the health care system in the Black community. This distrust is not just paranoia but is built on a history of abuses that includes experimentation, the Sickle Cell Screening Initiative, family planning/involuntary sterilization, and the complicity of the medical system in justifying racism and discrimination. Chapter 7, Health Care in the U.S. as a Violation of International Human Rights discusses how the combination of racial inequity in health status, institutional racism in health care and inadequate legal protection points to serious human rights violations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD or Convention). Chapter 8, Reparations: Repairing Black Health, discusses the legitimacy of the demand for reparations, but restructures the call from a compensation request to an equity request. The Slave Health deficit will be removed only if the United States makes the same a significant and sustained commitment that it made to landing on the moon. The burden of a slave health deficit has been a continuous burden and will only be relieved lifted with a well coordinated aggressive and comprehensive reparations and legal programBinding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Seven Principles Press
Published: 12/31/2006
ISBN: 9780977916009
Pages: 292
Weight: 0.95lbs
Size: 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.66d
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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 26 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 4
Quality material and looks good.
Color: Green
Great chew toy for medium to large dogs. Seems to hold up to their chewing. Very heavy and could damage floors or furniture if your dog happens to throw it in the air.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 10, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Alligator chew toy
Color: purple, Color: purple
Excellent for heavy duty chewing. Good size for medium size (15-25lbs.).
An instant hit with my dog. Very durable. I feel it is safe for my dog to have unsupervised.
I rate this HIGHLY RECOMMEND.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 22, 2026
★★★★★ 3
Held Up Better Than Most for My Aggressive Chewer
Color: purple, Color: purple
I have to give the Fuufome Dog Chew Toy for Aggressive Chewers a solid 3 out of 5 stars.
I have a very high-energy Lab mix named Boone who is an extremely aggressive chewer. Finding toys that last in our house is nearly impossible. This is actually his second toy like this - the first one is currently in my yard in three different pieces.
While I don’t believe this toy was advertised as indestructible, I still hoped it would fully survive Boone’s chewing. Some parts have held up well, which is more than I can say for many other toys we’ve tried. However, he was still able to do some noticeable damage to the rubber portion after consistent use.
To be fair, it did last longer than most toys we’ve purchased, which says a lot considering how tough Boone is on his things. For moderate chewers, I think this would hold up quite well. For truly aggressive chewers like mine, it’s tougher than average but still may show wear over time.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 24, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Best toy for heavy chewers
Color: Green
My dog is an aggressive chewer and I have trouble finding toys that last longer than 5 minutes before being so destroyed it is no longer safe to let him keep it. He loves this toy and naws on it for hours daily. Yes, it has multiple chew marks, but it is still intact completely. No little pieces have been chewed off. I highly recommend this toy for any dog especially those who destroy every toy in seconds like mine does.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 12, 2025
★★★★★ 2
NOT Indestructible and a Nylon Product (NOT A CHEW TOY)
Color: Green, Color: Green
I gave this dog toy 2-stars based on my dog toy rating system (DTRS) for “Bruce” the Green Alligator!
Unfortunately, I didn’t notice in the fine print of the product description on the website that this toy consisted of Nylon. If I noticed that description, I would’ve never purchased this product. Please do your own research on Nylon wrt teeth. I wasn’t impressed with the toy construction out of the box. The nylon head and tail sandwich the rubber body with soft rubber spines on Bruce’s back for easy gripping. This is not an “Indestructible” dog toy.
Safety (1-rating):
1. I was always concerned about my dog’s teeth possibly cracking while he was chewing on Bruce’s Nylon ends. Thankfully, his teeth were fine throughout the use of this toy.
2. The Nylon came off in small pieces after a few hours and continued for the life of the toy; see picture. I never intended for my dog to swallow pieces of Nylon.
3. Bruce’s rubber rear end is where most of the damage occurred, as my dog was tearing off pieces of rubber and spines, which he thankfully passed through his system over a period of 2-3 days after I threw Bruce away; see picture.
4. The chewed-up Nylon ends were very hard, rough, sharp and pointy. There were occasions where I noticed my dog’s gums were bleeding as a result of chewing this toy.
5. Bruce is big enough not to swallow in its entirety, which is why I’m giving this a 1-rating for safety.
6. This is a molded product and not a plush product.
Durability (2-rating):
1. It took my dog 1 to 2-weeks to get the toy in the shape that is shown on the posted photos.
2. The Nylon was immediately being scratched and scraped apart on day-1. Then I noticed pieces of Nylon coming off of Bruce after 3-4 days.
3. The rubber was immediately being punctured with small divots around the body on day-1. I noticed over the next couple of days that my dog was focusing on the rear end and trying to pull the rubber off the Nylon tail.
4. The rubber started coming off more quickly after 1-week, until I removed it all together.
Squeaker (N/A):
1. Bruce has no squeaker.
Fatality (2-rating):
1. Bruce had a longer life than most of my dog’s toys, but then again, I expected this to last much longer as the seller claims it is “Indestructible”, which it is not.
2. I tried filing off some of Bruce’s chewed up Nylon ends to smooth them out for more chew time, but came to my senses and just threw him away for safety concerns only.
In conclusion, “Bruce” the Green Alligator should not be given as a chew toy, but more as a fetch toy, unless you want your dog to digest the Nylon and rubber materials.
Days of Enjoyment
Given to Dog: 12/16/2024
Dog Toy Death: 01/08/2025
Total Days Used: 13 days (11 days spent away from home during the holidays)
About my dog “Cannoli” for comparison
Breed: Blue Healer / Lab mix
Sex: Male
Age: 8-months
Weight: 45-lbs
Size: Medium
Energy Level: High
Chew Rating: Aggressive
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Reviewed in the United States on February 26, 2025
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